Ancient Philosophy Summaries of many Presocratic philosophers are included below.See also: Socrates and Plato and Aristotle Anaximander followed Thales and proposed the Apeiron The third of the prominent Milesians who began Western Philosophy Heraclitus, who spoke of all things being in flux. Parmenides – Extreme Monism Part 1 Zeno, famous for a paradox of motion Xenophanes did philosophy of religion and cultural criticism